This comprehensive article provides a step-by-step roadmap to sourcing, configuring, debugging, and simulating a functional TL494 controller in LTspice. 1. Internal Architecture of the TL494

The TL494 can achieve duty cycles up to nearly 100% (typically 96%) in single-ended mode, or 50% in push-pull mode, with dead time controlled by the DTC pin voltage.

(Note: pin order depends on your specific symbol/subcircuit – always check the .sub file’s .SUBCKT line.)

Simulating the TL494 in LTspice allows engineers to verify switching frequencies, PWM dead time, and output regulation before prototyping. By using an imported .sub model, you can effectively simulate complex power supply designs using this classic, versatile PWM controller.

: Select values based on your ripple requirements.

: The LTspice model allows you to accurately test the TL494’s dual error amplifiers and dead-time control, which is critical for preventing "shoot-through" in power MOSFETs. Cost-Free Prototyping : You can fine-tune the frequency-setting components ( cap R sub t cap C sub t

: Alternates the PWM drive signal between Output 1 and Output 2 for push-pull configurations when Output Control (OC, Pin 13) is tied to VREF. Sourcing and Installing the TL494 LTspice Model